This unit covers the application of computational processes to solve engineering problems. It encompasses working safely, applying problem solving techniques, using a range of mathematical processes, providing solutions to electrical/electronics engineering problems and justifying such solutions.

Note. Typical engineering problems are those encountered in meeting requirements in a design brief, meeting performance requirements and compliance standards, revising systems operating parameters and dealing with system malfunctions

KS01-EE126A Electrotechnology engineering maths

Evidence shall show an understanding of electrotechnology engineering maths to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Rational, irrational numbers and basic algebra

 simplification of expressions involving square roots and cube roots

 scientific and engineering notation

 evaluation of expressions using a calculator

 convert units of physical quantities using unity brackets

 substitute given values into formulae to find physical quantities

 manipulate algebraic expressions using mathematical operations in their correct order, the laws of indices, expansion of brackets and collecting like terms

T2 Algebraic manipulation

 Factorise algebraic expressions using common factors

 Factorise quadratic expressions using trial and error on the factors of the coefficients

 Simplify algebraic fractions using common denominators and cancelling

 Solve simple one variable equations including algebraic fractions

 Find the quotient and remainder given a linear divisor.

 Transpose formulae to find a required variable.

T3 Laws of indices

 Conversion between decimal notation, scientific notation and engineering notation

 Laws of indices: positive /negative values, multiplication/division, fractional values, index equals zero

 Logarithmic laws: multiply/divide

 solution of exponential equations using logarithms, substitution and solution of relevant formulae involving exponents or logarithms

 Graphs of exponential functions, 10x and ex and the inverses log10(x) and loge(x) functions on log-linear graphs

 Convert numbers into scientific and engineering notation using the laws of indices

 Manipulate and simplify arithmetic and algebraic expressions using the laws of indices and logarithms

 Express logarithms as indices.

 Perform logarithmic operations.

 Determine logarithms and antilogarithms to base 10, using a scientific calculator.

 Determine logarithms and antilogarithms to base e, using a scientific calculator.

 Convert logarithmic values from base 10 to base e and vice versa.

 Sketch given functions on log-linear graphs

T4 Estimations, errors and approximations

 Errors in measurement

 Maximum probable error

 Show awareness of errors in measurement and of giving results in appropriate number of significant figures

 Use estimations and approximations to check the reasonableness of results.

T5 Plane figures – triangles and basic trigonometry

 Angles in a triangle

 Isosceles and equilateral triangles

 Congruent triangles

 Similar triangles

 Pythagoras' theorem

 Area of triangles

 Basic trigonometry functions

 Degrees, radians

 The ratios: sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot.

 Inverse trig functions

 Sine and cosine rules

T6 Plane figures - quadrilaterals and circles

 Types and properties of quadrilaterals

 Areas and perimeters of regular quadrilaterals

 Lengths of arcs

 Angles in a circle - degrees

 Angles in a circle - radians

 Lengths of chord segments

 Tangents to circles

 Circumference and area of circles

 Names and characteristics of common polygons

T7 Graphs of Trigonometric functions

 Graph trigonometric functions and solve trigonometric equations.

 Simplify trigonometric expressions using trigonometric identities

 Convert angular measure in degrees to radians and vice versa

 Graph trigonometric functions including graphs of y = sin x and y = cos x

 Using vocational applications of current or voltage as a function of time, consider changes in amplitude, consider changes in frequency.

 Examine relationships of frequency, period and angular velocity.

 Sketch graphs of the form f(t) = a sin φt and f(t) = a cos φt, where a is the peak voltage or current, and φ is the angular velocity

 Solve graphically equations of the form f(t) = a sin φt and f(t) = a cos φt

T8 Graphs of linear functions

 The number plane

 Gradient and x and y intercepts of a straight line

 Equation of a straight line length and mid-point of a straight line segment

 Function notation

T9 Simultaneous equations

 Graphical solutions

 Substitution

 Elimination

 Solve 2 linear simultaneous equations both algebraically and graphically.

T10 Matrices

 Perform the basic operations on matrices up to 3 x 3

 Manipulate matrix equations and expressions

 Recognise inverse and identity matrices up to 3 x 3 and use to solve systems of linear equations.

 Find determinants up to 3 x 3 and use to solve systems of linear equations.

 Solve problems involving more than two simultaneous equations.

 State the limitations of graphical methods of solution.

 Distinguish between a matrix and an array.

 Describe the null, diagonal and unit matrix

 Describe and identify a singular/non-singular matrix

T11 Quadratic functions

 Graphs of quadratic functions represented by parabolas and the significance of the leading coefficient.

 Graph quadratic functions and solve quadratic equations.

 Sketch and interpret the graphs of quadratic functions showing the significance of the leading coefficient and the zeros

 Solve quadratic equations by factoring or using quadratic formula

 Solve simultaneously linear and quadratic equations algebraically and geometrically

 Interpret verbally formulated problems involving quadratic and linear equations and solve.

T12 Exponential and logarithmic functions

 Transform non-linear functions (including exponential) to linear forms and plot data.

 Draw curves of best fit, interpolate data and estimate constants in suggested relationships.

Graph exponential and logarithmic functions and solve exponential and logarithmic equations.

 Sketch the graphs of simple exponential and logarithmic functions showing behaviour for large and small values

T13 Vectors and Phasors

 The vector as an expression of magnitude and direction

 The vector sum of x and y values in terms of magnitude and direction

 Rectangular components of vectors in the form x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ

 Rectangular-polar and polar-rectangular conversion

 Vector addition and subtraction

 Express rectangular components of vectors in the form x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ

T14 Complex numbers

 Definitions and notation of complex numbers

 Complex numbers as vectors on an Argand diagram

 laws of complex numbers and apply the laws in suitable calculations.

 Plot complex numbers on the Argand plane.

 Express vectors as complex numbers and perform suitable calculations.

 Calculate the conjugate of a complex number.

 Using a calculator for rectangular-polar and polar-rectangular conversions.

CE 108 Electrical Principle

This unit covers determining correct operation of single source d.c. series, parallel and series-parallel circuits and providing solutions as they apply to various electrotechnology work functions. It encompasses working safely, problem solving procedures, including the use of voltage, current and resistance measuring devices, providing solutions derived from measurements and calculations to predictable problems in single and multiple path circuits.

Evidence shall show an understanding of electrical fundamentals and direct current multiple path circuits to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Basic electrical concepts encompassing:

 electrotechnology industry

 static and current electricity

 production of electricity by renewable and non renewable energy sources

 transportation of electricity from the source to the load via the transmission and distribution systems

 utilisation of electricity by the various loads

 basic calculations involving quantity of electricity, velocity and speed with relationship to the generation and transportation of electricity.

T2 Basic electrical circuit encompassing:

 symbols used to represent an electrical energy source, a load, a switch and a circuit protection device in a circuit diagram

 purpose of each component in the circuit

 effects of an open-circuit, a closed-circuit and a short-circuit

 multiple and sub-multiple units

T3 Ohm’s Law encompassing:

 basic d.c. single path circuit.

 voltage and currents levels in a basic d.c. single path circuit.

 effects of an open-circuit, a closed-circuit and a short-circuit on a basic d.c. single path relationship between voltage and current from measured values in a simple circuit

 determining voltage, current and resistance in a circuit given any two of these quantities

 graphical relationships of voltage, current and resistance

 relationship between voltage, current and resistance

T4 Electrical power encompassing:

 relationship between force, power, work and energy

 power dissipated in circuit from voltage, current and resistance values

 power ratings of devices

 measurement electrical power in a d.c. circuit

 effects of power rating of various resistors

T5 Effects of electrical current encompassing:

 physiological effects of current and the fundamental principles (listed in AS/NZS 3000) for protection against the this effect

 basic principles by which electric current can result in the production of heat; the production of magnetic fields; a chemical reaction

 typical uses of the effects of current

 mechanisms by which metals corrode

 fundamental principles (listed in AS/NZS3000) for protection against the damaging effects of current

T6 EMF sources energy sources and conversion electrical energy encompassing:

 basic principles of producing a emf from the interaction of a moving conductor in a magnetic field.

 basic principles of producing an emf from the heating of one junction of a thermocouple.

 basic principles of producing a emf by the application of sun light falling on the surface of photovoltaic cells

 basic principles of generating a emf when a mechanical force is applied to a crystal (piezo electric effect)

 principles of producing a electrical current from primary, secondary and fuel cells

 input, output, efficiency or losses of electrical systems and machines

 effect of losses in electrical wiring and machines

 principle of conservation of energy

T7 Resistors encompassing:

 features of fixed and variable resistor types and typical applications

 identification of fixed and variable resistors

 various types of fixed resistors used in the Electro technology Industry. e.g. wire-wound, carbon film, tapped resistors.

 various types of variable resistors used in the Electro technology Industry e.g. adjustable resistors: potentiometer and rheostat; light dependent resistor (LDR); voltage dependent resistor (VDR) and temperature dependent resistor (NTC, PTC).

 characteristics of temperature, voltage and light dependent resistors and typical applications of each power ratings of a resistor.

 power loss (heat) occurring in a conductor.

 resistance of a colour coded resistor from colour code tables and confirm the value by measurement.

 measurement of resistance of a range of variable’ resistors under varying conditions of light, voltage, temperature conditions.

 specifying a resistor for a particular application.

T8 Series circuits encompassing:

 circuit diagram of a single-source d.c. ‘series’ circuit.

 Identification of the major components of a ‘series’ circuit: power supply; loads; connecting leads and switch

 applications where ‘series’ circuits are used in the Electro technology industry.

 characteristics of a ‘series’ circuit - connection of loads, current path, voltage drops, power dissipation and affects of an open circuit in a ‘series’ circuit.

 the voltage, current, resistances or power dissipated from measured or given values of any two of these quantities

 relationship between voltage drops and resistance in a simple voltage divider network.

 setting up and connecting a single-source series dc circuit

 measurement of resistance, voltage and current values in a single source series circuit effect of an open-circuit on a series connected circuit

T9 Parallel circuits encompassing:

 schematic diagram of a single-source d.c. ‘parallel’ circuit.

 major components of a ‘parallel’ circuit (power supply, loads, connecting leads and applications where ‘parallel’ circuits are used in the Electrotechnology industry.

 characteristics of a ‘parallel’ circuit. (load connection, current paths, voltage drops, power dissipation, affects of an open circuit in a ‘parallel’ circuit).

 relationship between currents entering a junction and currents leaving a junction

 relationship between branch currents and resistances in a two branch current divider network.

 calculation of the total resistance of a ‘parallel’ circuit.

 calculation of the total current of a ‘parallel’ circuit.

 Calculation of the total voltage and the individual voltage drops of a ‘parallel’ circuit.

 setting up and connecting a single-source d.c. parallel circuit

 resistance, voltage and current measurements in a single-source parallel circuit

 voltage, current, resistance or power dissipated from measured values of any of these quantities

 output current and voltage levels of connecting cells in parallel.

T10 Series/parallel circuits encompassing:

 schematic diagram of a single-source d.c. ‘series/parallel’ circuit.

 major components of a ‘series/parallel’ circuit (power supply, loads, connecting leads and switch)

 applications where ‘series/parallel’ circuits are used in the Electrotechnology industry.

 characteristics of a ‘series/parallel’ circuit. (load connection, current paths, voltage drops, power dissipation, affects of an open circuit in a ‘series/parallel’ circuit).

 relationship between voltages, currents and resistances in a bridge network.

 calculation of the total resistance of a ‘series/parallel’ circuit.

 calculation of the total current of a ‘series/parallel’ circuit.

 calculation of the total voltage and the individual voltage drops of a ‘series/parallel’ circuit.

 setting up and connecting a single-source d.c. series/ parallel circuit

 resistance, voltage and current measurements in a single-source d.c. series / parallel circuit

 the voltage, current, resistances or power dissipated from measured values of any two of these quantities

T11 Factors affecting resistance encompassing:

 four factors that affect the resistance of a conductor (type of material, length, cross-sectional area and temperature)

 affect the change in the type of material (resistivity) has on the resistance of a conductor.

 affect the change in ‘length’ has on the resistance of a conductor.

 affect the change in ‘cross-sectional area’ has on the resistance of a conductor.



effects of resistance on the current-carrying capacity and voltage drop in cables.

 calculation of the resistance of a conductor from factors such as conductor length, cross-sectional area, resistivity and changes in temperature

 using digital and analogue ohmmeter to measure the change in resistance of different types of conductive materials (copper, aluminium, nichrome, tungsten) when those materials undergo a change in type of material length, cross-sectional area and temperature.

T12 Effects of meters in a circuit encompassing:

 selecting an appropriate meter in terms of units to be measured, range, loading effect and accuracy for a given application.

 measuring resistance using direct, volt-ammeter and bridge methods.

 instruments used in the field to measure voltage, current, resistance and insulation resistance and the typical circumstances in which they are used.

 hazards involved in using electrical instruments and the safety control measures that should be taken.

 operating characteristics of analogue and digital meters.

 correct techniques to read the scale of an analogue meters and how to reduce the ‘parallax’ error.

 types of voltmeters used in the Electrotechnology industry – bench type, clamp meter, Multimeter, etc.

 purpose and characteristics (internal resistance, range, loading effect and accuracy) of a voltmeter.

 types of voltage indicator testers. e.g. LED, neon, solenoid, volt-stick, series tester, etc. and explain the purpose of each voltage indicator tester.

 operation of various voltage indicator testers.

 advantages and disadvantages of each voltage indicator tester.

 various types of ammeters used in the Electrotechnology industry – bench, clamp meter, multimeter, etc.

 purpose of an ammeter and the correct connection (series) of an ammeter into a circuit.

 reasons why the internal resistance of an ammeter must be extremely low and the dangers and consequences of connecting an ammeter in parallel and/or wrong polarity.

 selecting an appropriate meter in terms of units to be measured, range, loading effect and accuracy for a given application

 connecting an analogue/digital voltmeter into a circuit ensuring the polarities are correct and take various voltage readings.

 loading effect of various voltmeters when measuring voltage across various loads.

 using voltage indicator testers to detect the presence of various voltage levels.

 connecting analogue/digital ammeter into a circuit ensuring the polarities are correct and take various current readings.

T13 Resistance measurement encompassing:

 Identification of instruments used in the field to measure resistance (including insulation resistance) and the typical circumstances in which they are used.

 the purpose of an Insulation Resistance (IR) Tester.

 the parts and functions of various analogue and digital IR Tester (selector range switch, zero ohms adjustment, battery check function, scale and connecting leads).

 reasons why the supply must be isolated prior to using the IR tester.

 where and why the continuity test would be used in an electrical installation.

 where and why the insulation resistance test would be used in an electrical installation.

 the voltage ranges of an IR tester and where each range may be used. e.g. 250 V d.c, 500 V d.c and 1000 V d.c

 AS/NZS3000 Wiring Rules requirements – continuity test and insulation resistance (IR) test.

 purpose of regular IR tester calibration.

 the correct methods of storing the IR tester after use

 carry out a calibration check on a IR Tester

 measurement of low values of resistance using an IR tester continuity functions.

 measurement of high values of resistance using an IR tester insulation resistance function.

 volt-ammeter (short shunt and long shunt) methods of measuring resistance.

 calculation of resistance values using voltmeter and ammeter reading (long and short shunt connections)

 measurement of resistance using volt-ammeter methods

T14 Capacitors and Capacitance encompassing:

 basic construction of standard capacitor, highlighting the: plates, dielectric and connecting leads

 different types of dielectric material and each dielectric’s relative permittivity.

 identification of various types of capacitors commonly used in the Electrotechnology industry (fixed value capacitors -stacked plate, rolled, electrolytic, ceramic, mica and Variable value capacitors – tuning and trimmer)

 circuit symbol of various types of capacitors: standard; variable, trimmer and polarised

 terms: Capacitance (C), Electric charge (Q) and Energy (W)

 unit of: Capacitance (Farad), Electric charge (Coulomb) and Energy (Joule)

 factors affecting capacitance (the effective area of the plates, the distance between the plates and the type of dielectric) and explain how these factors are present in all circuits to some extent.

 how a capacitor is charged in a d.c. circuit.

 behaviour of a series d.c. circuit containing resistance and capacitance components. - charge and discharge curves

the term ‘Time Constant’ and its relationship to the charging and discharging of a capacitor.

 calculation of quantities from given information: Capacitance (Q = VC); Energy (W =½CV2); Voltage (V = Q/C)

 calculation one time constant as well as the time taken to fully charge and discharge a given capacitor. (τ = RC)

 connection of a series d.c. circuit containing capacitance and resistor to determine the time constant of the circuit

T15 Capacitors in Series and Parallel encompassing:

 hazards involved in working with capacitance effects and the safety control measures that should be taken.

 safe handling and the correct methods of discharging various size capacitors

 dangers of a charged capacitor and the consequences of discharging a capacitor through a person

 factors which determine the capacitance of a capacitor and explain how these factors are present in all circuits to some extent.

 effects of capacitors connected in parallel by calculating their equivalent capacitance.

CE 102 Physics (EE 204)

This unit covers the law of physics and how they apply to solving electrotechnology related problems. It encompasses working safely, knowledge of measurements of physical phenomena, linear and angular motion, harmonic motion, wave theory, optics, acoustics and heat capacity and transfer, use of measurement techniques, solving physics related problems and documenting justification for such solutions.

KS01-EE082A Electrotechnology engineering physics

Evidence shall show an understanding of electro engineering physics to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Measurement encompassing

 SI units in measurement of physical phenomena

 Uncertainty and tolerance

T2 Linear motion

T3 Angular motion

T4 Simple harmonic motion and vibration

T5 Wave theory

 Interference

 Diffraction

T6 Electromagnetic waves and propagation

T7 Optics

 Mirrors and lenses

 Optical fibre

T8 Acoustics and ultrasonics

T9 Heat capacity and heat transfer

 Fluid power

CE 109 Energy Efficient Building Design (EE309)

This unit covers evaluating energy used in buildings and developing and documenting strategies/methods to effectively reduce energy use without compromising occupancy standards. It encompasses working safely, setting up and conducting evaluation measurements and evaluating energy use from measured parameters.

T1 Climate and thermal comfort encompassing:

 characteristics of the different Australian climatic types.

 use of climatic data in published and electronic forms to extract the quantities relevant to energy efficient design.

 relationship between climate and comfort using bioclimatic or psychrometric charts.

 calculation of heating or cooling degree days or degree hours for various locations.

 calculation of thermal neutrality for a given location.

T2 Solar geometry and radiation encompassing:

 definition of the terms: declination, hour angle, zenith angle, azimuth and altitude angles, the equation of time.

 conversion of solar time to local time and vice versa.

 position of the sun and the length of shadows with the aid of algorithms, tables, sun charts or computer software.

 daily irradiation incident on a wall, window or roof of a given tilt and orientation.

 relative summer and winter irradiation of windows facing the cardinal orientations.

T3 Heat transfer encompassing:

 thermal processes of conduction, convection and radiation apply to the transfer of heat in buildings.

 calculation of the summer and winter U-values of building elements using tables and software.

 calculation of the infiltration heat transfer in a building.

T4 Glazing Systems encompassing:

 different types of glazing systems and their characteristics.

 different types of shading devices and the window orientations for which they are most appropriate.

 solar heat gain for different glazing types and angles of incidence

 calculation of the average daily irradiation of a window partly shaded by eaves, using computer software.

 calculation of the average daily heat gain through a window partly shaded by eaves.

T5 Insulation encompassing:

 different types of insulation and where they are used.

 how different types of insulation are installed in roofs, walls and floors

			.  determination of the minimum R-values of roof insulation for different locations using Australian Standard AS2627 or similar standards.
			T6 Thermal mass encompassing:  advantages and disadvantages of using substantial thermal mass in different climate types and for different heating and cooling regimes.  where thermal mass can be located in a building.  explain what is meant by the following terms: time lag, decrement factor, admittance, response factor.
		T7 Comfort control strategies encompassing:  interpretation of the usefulness of a design strategy with the aid of a psychrometric chart showing control potential zones for a particular location.  selection of the most useful comfort control strategies for Australian climatic regions.
		T8 Energy efficiency in buildings encompassing:  determination of the direction of the following: both true and magnetic, north winter and summer sunrise, winter and summer sunset.  solar access in summer and winter to various possible house locations on a site and room locations within the house.  how vegetation can be used to both funnel and deflect wind.  using cross ventilation as a cooling strategy.
	T9 Thermal performance of a building encompassing:  heating requirements of a building using the heating degree day or hour method.  dynamic performance predicted by a computer simulation program such as NatHERS or BERS.
	T10 Integration of active solar systems encompassing:  active solar system types available which can provide hot water, space heating and cooling.  the best location on the roof, and the optimum tilt and orientation of the collector panels.  function of the main components of an air or water-based solar space heating system.  schematic of the fluid circuit of an air or water- based space heating system.
 main solar cooling system types.
T11 Energy rating schemes encompassing:  differences in approach used by house energy rating schemes in Australia.  energy performance of a number of houses using a computer simulation program such as NatHERS or BERS.  other methods to reduce energy consumption within and outside a building including appliance efficiency, human behaviour changes, building management strategies and transportation minimisation.  additional cost of energy efficiency measures and cost savings using life cycle cost or simple pay back methods according to Aust. Standard AS3595 and AS4536.

T12 Sustainable and safe building materials encompassing:

 common building materials and their embodied energy content.

 environmental impact of the production of various building materials.

 problems associated with the use or disposal of building materials.

EE102

Basic Electrical Fitting & Wiring

This unit covers fixing, securing and mounting techniques as apply in the various electrotechnology work functions. It encompasses the safe use of hand and portable power tools, safe lifting techniques, safe use of ladders and elevated platforms and the selection and safe application of fixing devices and supporting accessories/equipment.

KS01-EE105A Fixing and support devices/techniques

Evidence shall show an understanding of accessories and support and fixing device and methods and their use to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1. Device for securing and mounting electrical/electronic/instrumentation/refrigeration/ air-conditioning/telecommunications accessories for supporting, fixing and protecting wiring/cabling/piping and functional accessories to hollow walls encompassing:

 types and safe application of devices for hollow wall fixing and support

 methods/techniques used to fix/support to wood, hollow wall, masonry blocks, plasterboard, panelling

 types and safe application of fixing devices used in the electrotechnology industry for wood and hollow wall structures (wood screws, coach bolts, self-tappers, self drilling, metal thread, hollow wall anchors, behind plaster brackets, stud brackets, plasterboard devices, toggle devices)

 types of tools used for hollow wall fixing and supporting.

 using various fixing methods to fix/support to hollow walls.

T2. Device for securing and mounting electrical/electronic/instrumentation/refrigeration/ air-conditioning/telecommunications accessories for supporting, fixing and protecting wiring/cabling/piping and functional accessories to solid walls encompassing:

 types and safe application of devices used for solid wall fixing and support

 methods/techniques used in to fix to masonry and concrete structures

 fixing devices used in the electrotechnology industry for solid wall structures (wall-plugs, expanding concrete fixing devices, gas powered fixing tools, powder actuated fixing tools, loxins, dynabolts, chemical devices)

 regulatory requirements for use of powder fixing tools.

 hand and power tools used in fixing and supporting accessories

 using various fixing methods to fix/support to solid walls

T3. Device for securing and mounting electrical/electronic/instrumentation/refrigeration/ air-conditioning/telecommunications accessories for supporting, fixing and protecting wiring/cabling/piping and functional accessories to metal fixing encompassing:

 accessories that may be fixed to metal (saddle clips, conduits, brackets, switches)

 techniques for fixing to metal

 fixing devices: coach bolts, self-tappers, metal thread bolts, hollow wall anchors, rivets

 fixing tools - spanners, screwdrivers, power screw drivers, pop riveters, files, reamers

 OH&S issues related to drilling, cutting, eye protection, metal filings, swarf, noise

 Using power drills, drill bits, change drill speeds.

 Install a fixing device and accessory capable of supporting up to 20 kg on the metal plate.

T4. Securing and mounting electrical/electronic/instrumentation/refrigeration/ air-conditioning/telecommunications accessories for supporting, fixing and protecting wiring/cabling/piping and functional accessories using fixing adhesives and tapes encompassing:

 types and safe application of using adhesives and tapes as fixing devices (load limits of different commercial products)

 accessories that may be fixed using adhesives and tapes

 techniques for the application of adhesives and tapes

 tools used to apply and cut adhesives and tapes

 hazards and safety measures when working with adhesives and chemical fixing devices (fumes, cutting, eye protection, physical contact, hand protection, ingestion)

EE104

Electrical Equipments Safety Protection

This unit covers the arrangement and termination of circuits, control and protection devices and systems for electrical installations operating at voltages up to 1,000 V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c. It encompass knowledge and application of schemes for protection of persons and property, correct functioning, ensuring compatibility with the supply, arranging installation into circuits and selecting and arranging switchgear/controlgear and protective devices to meet compliance requirements and documenting arrangement decisions

KS01-EG063A Electrical installations — arrangement, control and protection

Evidence shall show an understanding of circuit arrangements, control and protection of electrical installations that comply with the Wiring Rules and Service Rules to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Safety principles to which electrical systems in building and premises shall comply.

 Safety principles are given in Part1 (Section 1) of the Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000 with deemed-to-comply requirements given in Sections 2 to 8.

 Compliant methods for providing protection - include those for providing protection against direct and indirect contact; thermal effects; unwanted voltages; overcurrent; fault currents; overload; overvoltage; injury from mechanical movement.

 Requirements for installation design and selection of equipment - includes compliant protection arrangements; correct functioning; compatibility with supply; estimation of maximum demands; voltage drop considerations; arrangement of circuits and the like

T2 Circuit and control arrangements encompassing:

 reason for dividing electrical installations into circuits

 factors that shall be considered in determining the number and type of circuits required for an installation.

 daily and seasonal demand for lighting power, heating and other loads in a given installation.

 number and types of circuits required for a particular installation.

 diagrams/schedules of circuits for given installations.

 application and arrangements of SELV and PELV circuits

 application and arrangement of an isolated supply

T3 Hazards and risks in an electrical installation encompassing:

 effects on the human body of various levels of a.c. and d.c. current and duration of current flow for various current paths.

 risk of ignition of flammable materials due the thermal effects of current or electric arcs in normal service of an electrical installation.

 risk of injury from mechanical movement of electrically actuated equipment.

 Protection against direct contact (basic protection)

 acceptable methods

 use of extra-low voltage

T4 Protection against indirect contact encompassing:

 indirect contact with live parts of an electrical installation may occur.

 methods and devices that comply with the Wiring Rules for providing protection against indirect contact.

 components of the 'automatic disconnection of supply' method of protection against indirect contact.

 the terms ‘touch voltage’ and ‘touch current’.

 the current path when a short circuit fault to exposed conductive parts of an appliance occurs.

 protection against indirect contact is by the use of Class II equipment and by electrical separation.

 additional protection by use of Residual Current Devices (RCDs)

 protection against indirect contact by use of extra-low voltage and electrical separation.

 Protection requirements for damp situations.

T5 Earthing encompassing:

 the terms: earthed, earthed situation, earth electrode, equipotential bonding, multiple earthed neutral (MEN) system, protective earth-neutral (PEN) conductor, main earthing conductor, protective earthing (PE) conductor, functional earthing, MEN link.

 selection of minimum size-earthing conductor for a range of active conductor sizes and materials.

 parts of an earthing system and the purpose of each.

 typical arrangement for a MEN earthing system.

 arrangements of protective earthing conductors that comply with the Wiring Rules.

 requirements for equipotential bonding in a range of installation situations.

 Installation of a MEN earthing system for a single phase installation

T6 Protection against overload and short circuit current encompassing:

 overload current or fault currents in an electrical installation.

 equivalent circuit of an earth fault-loop

 level of fault current possible at a given point in an installation from the fault-loop impedance and data from the electricity distributor.

 methods and devices that comply with the Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000 for providing protection against the damaging effects of overload and fault current

 requirements for co-ordination between protective devices and conductors

requirements for co-ordination of protection devices for discrimination and back-up protection.

T7 Devices for automatic disconnection of supply encompassing:

 operating principles of thermal/magnet circuit breakers.

 operating principles of common types of fuses.

 operating principles of residual current devices (RCD).

 time/current curves tripping characteristics of various types of circuit breakers that comply with the requirements of the Wiring Rules.

 time/current curves fusing characteristics of various types of fuses that comply with the requirements of the Wiring Rules.

 time/current curves tripping characteristics of various types of RCDs that comply with the requirements of the Wiring Rules.

 factors in a fault loop that will affect the impedance of the circuit.

 maximum impedance of an earth fault-loop to ensure operating of a protection device.

 selecting a fuse for fault current limiting protection.

 drawing switchboard wiring arrangements of 2-pole RCDs, 4-pole RCDs, combination RCD/MCBs.

T8 Protection against over voltage and under voltage encompassing:

 causes of over voltage and how this may affect the electrical system.

 methods for protection against over voltage.

 causes of under voltage and how this may affect the electrical system.

 methods for protection against under voltage.

T9 Control of an electrical installation and circuits encompassing:

 switch types, current and voltage ratings and IP rating and where these apply.

 switching requirements for isolation, emergency, mechanical maintenance and functional control.

 control arrangement for complete installations with and without safety services and an alternative supply.

T10 Switchboards / distribution boards encompassing:

 Purpose, types and applications.

 Physical and circuit arrangements for whole current and CT metering.

 Physical and circuit arrangements of main switches, circuit protection devices, fault-current limiters and metering equipment and other distributor equipment.

 compliance requirements (includes location and access, arc fault protection, identification, construction suitability, equipment marking, wiring, fire protection and arc-fault protection).

EE105

Electrical Installation Design

This unit covers selecting wiring systems and cables for electrical installations operating at voltages up to 1,000V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c. It encompass knowledge and application of wiring systems and cable types, selecting wiring system compatible with the installation conditions, selecting cables that comply with required current-carrying capacity and voltage drop and earth fault-loop impedance limitations, coordination between protective devices and conductors and documenting selection decisions

KS01-EG107A Electrical installation — cable selection and co-ordination

Evidence shall show an understanding of selecting cables and ensuring co-ordination between protection device and conductors in electrical installations that comply with the Wiring Rules, Selection of cables standards and Service Rules to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Performance requirements - design and safety encompassing:

 harmful effects against which the design of an electrical installation must provide protection.

 performance standards of a correctly functioning electrical installation.

 supply characteristics that shall be considered when designing an electrical installation.

 acceptable methods for determining the maximum demand in consumer's mains and sub-mains.

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements limiting voltage drop in an installation.

 reason for dividing electrical installations into circuits and the factors that shall determine their number and type.

 typical external factors that may damage an electrical installation and that shall be considered in the installation design.

 methods for protecting persons and livestock against direct and indirect contact with conductive parts and the typical application of each.

 acceptable methods of protection against the risks of ignition of flammable materials and injury by burns from the thermal effects of current, in normal service.

 likely sources of unwanted voltages and the methods for dealing with this potential hazard.

 acceptable methods for protecting persons and livestock against injury and property against damage from the effects of over current.

 requirement for protection against fault current.

 requirement for protection against the harmful effects of faults between live parts of circuits supplied at different voltages.

 need for protection against injury from mechanical movement and how this may be achieved.

 features of 'fire rated construction' and how the integrity of the fire rating can be maintained in relation to electrical installation.

T2 Final subcircuit arrangements encompassing:

 factors that shall be considered in determining the number and type of circuits required for an installation.

 daily and seasonal demand for lighting, power, heating and other loads in a given installation.

 number and types of circuits required or a particular installation.

 current requirements for given final subcircuits.

 layout/schedule of circuits for given installations.

T3 Factors affecting the suitability of wiring systems encompassing:

 wiring systems typically used with various construction methods and particular environments.

 installation conditions that may affect the current-carrying capacity of cables.

 external influences that may affect the current-carrying capacity and/or may cause damage to the wiring system.

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for selecting wiring systems for a range of circuits, installation conditions and construction methods into which the wiring system is to be installed. Note: Wiring systems include cable enclosures, underground wiring, aerial wiring, catenary support, emergency systems, busbar trunking and earth sheath return.

T4 Maximum demand on consumer’s mains/submains encompassing:

 acceptable methods for determining the maximum demand on an installation’s consumer’s mains and submains.

 maximum demand for the consumer's mains for given installations up to 400 A per phase.

 maximum demand for given submains.

T5 Cable selection based on current carrying capacity requirements encompassing:

 installation conditions for a range of wiring systems and applications.

 external influences that require the use of a derating factor.

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for coordination of cables and protection devices.

 AS/NZS 3008 used to select conductor size based on the maximum current requirement for a given installation condition including any applicable derating factors.

T6 Cable selection based on voltage drop requirements encompassing:

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for maximum voltage drop in an installation.

 relevant tables in AS/NZS 3008 for unit values of voltage drop.

 calculation of the expected voltage drop in a given circuit.

 selecting cables to satisfy voltage drop requirements in addition to current carrying capacity requirements.

T7 Cable selection based on fault loop impedance requirements encompassing:

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for maximum fault loop impedance in an installation.

 relevant tables in AS/NZS 3008 to determine cable impedances.

 calculation of the expected fault loop impedance for a given circuit arrangement.

 selecting cables to satisfy fault loop impedance requirements in addition to current carrying capacity requirements and voltage drop requirements.

T8 Selecting protection devices encompassing:

 acceptable methods of protection against indirect contact.

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for selecting methods and devices to protect against indirect contact for a range of installation types and conditions.

 coordination between conductors and protection devices to ensures the protection of cables from over heating due to over current.

 possible injuries to persons and livestock from hazards due to a short circuit.

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for selecting devices to protect against overload current for a range of circuits and loads.

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for selecting devices to protect against short-circuit current for a range of installation conditions.

T9 Selecting devices for isolation and switching encompassing:

 requirements for the provision of the isolation of every circuit in an electrical installation.

 need for protection against mechanical movement of electrically activated equipment.

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for selecting devices for isolation and switching for a range of installations and conditions.

T10 Switchboards encompassing:

 AS/NZS 3000 and local supply authority requirements for switchboards.

 tariff structures for the supply of electricity.

 equipment installed at the main switchboards with capacities up to 400 A per phase.

 layout of a main switchboard for an installation supplied with single phase single tariff whole current metering.

 layout of a main switchboard for an installation supplied with single phase multiple tariff whole current metering.

 layout of a main switchboard for an installation supplied with multiphase single tariff whole current metering.

 layout of a main switchboard for an installation supplied with multiphase multiple tariff whole current metering.

 layout of a main switchboard for a multiple tenancy installation with whole current metering.

 layout of a main switchboard, including metering, for an installation supplied with three phase CT metering.

 local supply authority requirements for connection of an electrical installation to the electrical supply system

EE106

Advanced Electrical Wiring

This unit covers the installation in building and premises of wiring enclosures, cable support systems, cables and accessories and designed to operate at voltages up to 1,000 V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c. It encompasses working safely and to installation standards, routing cables to specified locations, terminating cables and connecting wiring at accessories and completing the necessary installation documentation.

KS01-EG103A Installation of wiring systems

Evidence shall show an understanding of the installation of wiring systems that comply with standards to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Standards, codes and requirements applicable to the installation of wiring systems encompassing:

 Cables and methods of mechanical protection and support

 Protection against and from other services.

 Prohibited cable locations

 Building codes affecting the installation of cables in buildings, structures and premises (limitation on penetration of structural elements, maintenance of fire protection integrity, and wiring above suspected ceilings)

 Issues affecting electrical installations in heritage buildings and premises (limitation on penetration of structural and finished elements, accessing cable routes, types and colour of exposed accessories).

T2 Use of other installation standards called up by the Wiring Rules for special situations encompassing:

 standards that apply to Electromedical treatment areas.

 additional requirements for construction and demolition sites.

 Relocatable installations and their site supply

 additional requirements for caravan park.

 additional requirements for marinas and pleasure craft at low voltage.

 additional requirements for shows and carnivals.

T3 Hazardous areas encompassing:

 Conditions that apply in an areas that require them to be classified as a ‘Hazardous area’.

 Responsibility for classifying a hazardous area

 Awareness of standards called up by the Wiring Rules for selection of equipment and installations in Hazardous areas. (AS/NZS 3000 requirements for hazardous areas).

T4 Requirement for the installation of cables and accessories in damp situations and ELV installations encompassing:

 restricted zones around baths, showers, fixed water containers, pools, sauna heaters and fountains/water features for given installations.

 selecting equipment suitable for installation in given damp situations.

 voltage range that defines extra-low voltage.

 'Separated extra-low voltage (SELV) system' and a 'Protected extra-low voltage (PELV) system".

 AS/NZS 3000 requirements for selecting extra-low voltage systems and devices for a range of installations and conditions.

T5 Aerial cabling encompassing:

 Describe the types of aerial cabling.

 State the AS/NZS 3000 and local supply authority requirements for aerial cabling.

 Termination of aerial cables in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 and local requirements.

 installation of consumers mains for connection via overhead consumers terminals in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 and local requirements.

 Testing of installed cables compliance with Australian Standards

T6 Underground cabling encompassing:

 Describe permissible underground cabling systems.

 Identify other underground services.

 State the AS/NZS 3000 and local supply authority requirements for underground cabling.

 List the advantages and disadvantages of underground wiring systems

 selection of underground consumers mains in accordance with AS/NZS 3000 and local requirements

T7 Techniques for installing cables and wiring systems encompassing:

 Typical cable routes through buildings, structures and premises.

 Application of wiring accessories

 Drawing-in, placing and fixing of cables

 Cable and conductor terminations

 Maintaining fire rating integrity.

 Inspecting and testing installed and terminated cables to ensure they comply with continuity and insulation resistance and are safe to connect to the supply.

EE308

Sustainability

This unit covers developing strategies to address environmental and sustainability issues in the energy sector. It encompasses working safely, apply extensive knowledge of sustainable energy systems and components and their operating parameters, gathering and analysing data, applying problem solving techniques, developing and documenting alternatives solutions

KS01-EK132A

Environmental and Sustainability strategies

Evidence shall show an understanding of greenhouse reduction strategies to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Principles of sustainability encompassing:

 ways in which ecosystems moderate climate. ways in which ecosystems purify and store water.

 ways in which ecosystems recycle waste.

T2 Problems in a sustainable world encompassing:

 changes to Australian forest cover since white settlement, and the resulting loss of ecosystem and human benefits.

 changes to Australia‘s soils since white settlement, and the resulting loss of ecosystem and human benefits.

 changes to Australia‘s waterways since white settlement, and the resulting loss of ecosystem and human benefits.

 place of environmental accounting in quantifying Australia‘s environmental losses.

 limits to Australia‘s population carrying capacity.

T3 Sustainability principles encompassing:

 principles within sustainability including: environmental accounting and economies; full cost pricing; triple bottom line ethic; ecologically sustainable development; greenhouse gas abatement; energy efficiency; resource and water use efficiency; life cycle costing; renewable energy substitution, cleaner production; waste minimisation, reuse and recycling; ecological footprint.

T4 Addressing the problem of global warming encompassing:

 greenhouse gases and their sources and quantities that contribute to global warming.

 global warming impacts for Australia for 2030 and 2070 predicted by CSIRO modelling.

 requirements to achieve stable atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

 ecologically and economically sustainable methods for achieving these stable concentrations.

T5 Greenhouse gas emissions profile encompassing:

 goals and principles of the National Greenhouse Strategy

 what a greenhouse gas inventory is, why it is required, and the sectors to which it applies

 uses to which the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory can be applied.

T6 Understanding and communicating climate change and its impacts encompassing:

 the possible impact of climate change in Australia.

 techniques for improving the understanding of climate change

 techniques for communicating to and educating the general

public on greenhouse gas induced climate change.

T7 Partnerships for greenhouse action encompassing:

 actions achievable by each level of government to implement the NGS.

 methods by which the community activity can be engaged in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

 initiatives that can be undertaken by the private sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

 advantages of international partnerships.

 emissions trading system.

T8 Efficient and sustainable energy use and supply encompassing:

 techniques for reducing the greenhouse intensity of energy supply.

 types of renewable energy sources suitable for use in Australia.

 methods and technique for improving end-use efficiency.

T9 Efficient transport and sustainable urban planning encompassing:

 how integrating land use and transport planning can assist the greenhouse problem.

 how each of the following can be used to mitigate greenhouse gas; travel demand and traffic management strategies; encouraging greater use of public transport, walking and cycling; freight and logistics systems; improving vehicle fuel efficiency and fuel technologies;

T10 Greenhouse sinks and sustainable land management encompassing:

 how enhancing greenhouse sinks and encouraging sustainable forestry and vegetation management can complement the AGS.

 how greenhouse gas emissions are obtained from agricultural production and describe techniques to mitigate the emissions.

T11 Models of greenhouse best practice in industrial processes and waste management encompassing:

 types and methods of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industry.

 methods of reducing methane emissions from waste

treatment and disposal.

T12 Adaptation to climate change encompassing:

 salient points in each of the key sectors that require analysis and the strategies required in the need for adaptation to climate change

ME 301/ CE 104 Fluid Dynamics

Body forces, compressible flow, Navier stroke equation, fluid energy equation, incompressible flow, turbulent flow, instantaneous & average velocity in turbulent flow, inviscid flow, boundary layer approximation.

CE 105 Hydraulic

CE 106 Hydrology

Fluid, hydraulic jack, pressure head of fluid, total pressure in immersion surface, buoyancy, pressure gauge, condition of equilibrium, hydrodynamics, head of liquid, Bernaulli’s theorem, Venturi meter, water jet, vortex, orifice, flow through orifice, Francis formula, triangular notch, trapezoidal notch, broad crest weir, friction & flow through pipes, flow through nozzle, turbine.

CE 106A Detailed construction & Building Construction Materials

Brick laying, bonding, junction, wall corner, joint arch, brick paving, brick steps, chimney, roof plumbing, eaves gutter, sprouting mitre, gutter joining, sprouting, external / internal angle making PVC angle, moulded angle, obtuse angle, return stop end, sprouting outlet , pvc outlet, joining sprouting bracket.

CE 104A Building Drawing

Scope, drawing paper, scale, instruments, terms, abbreviations, symbols, building geometry, plan, elevation, sections, re-production of drawings, lettering, perspective drawing, 3 dimensional drawing, drawing layout , setting out detailed drawing, detailed construction, joinery details, room schedule, door schedule, window schedule, hardware schedule, schedules of finishes, painting schedule, colour schedules, miscellaneous schedules, structural drawing, frame, RC, beam schedule, structural steel work, electrical drawing, drainage measured drawing, survey drawings, working drawing, alteration plan.

CE 110 Building Construction

Types of loads, beam, shear diagram, roof trusses, foundation engineering, standard penetration test, soil profile, bearing capacity analysis, retaining wall, footing, steel grades, fasteners, weld, truss applications, bracing tall buildings, wind connection for beam/ columns, brace bay, steel joist floors, roof systems, concrete joints, foundations, wall system, fastenings, timber trusses, timber decking, plank and beam frame, fabrication of structural timber, masonary walls, support condition for walls, stud wall construction, partitions, installation methods, floor systems, window / door structure, sand vibration control, roof insulation.

CE 103 Surveying

Art of measuring, slope correction, surveying instruments, level bench mark booking, observation reduce level, error reduction, change of point, HPC method, two peg test, grid level.

CE 106 Hydrology + ME 204 Fluid Mechanics

Axial flow reaction turbine, inward flow reaction turbine, hydrostatics, centre of pressure, Buoyancy, hydrodynamics, orifice, water turbines, venturi meters, weirs.

CE 107 Sanitation/ Water Supply

Basic principle of plumbing, water supply fittings, sanitary drainage system, storm drainage, compression joints, types of pipes, pipe fitting layout, piping installation, schematic wet column, ferrous metal pipes, piping supports, thermal expansion, hot water piping expansion loop, gate valve, globe valve, check valve, ball valve, plumbing fixture usage, basin sink installation, plumbing fitting diagram, plumbing pumping symbols, piping single line drawing, piping installation system, water circulation systems, piping layout for lot, roof drainage.

CE 112 Engineering Mechanics

Hydraulic jack, stress/ strain , strength of materials, Hooke’s law, stress due to thermal expansion, pressure vessel, rivet joints, bending of beams

Vector, vector diagram, jig gear, reciprocating engine mechanism, framed structures, non coplanar forces, velocity acceleration , projectile, relative velocity, mass acceleration force, work/ power/ energy/ centripetal acceleration

Stress in beams, tension, hydraulics

CE 113 Structure 1

Strength of materials, elongation, stress/ strain problems, impact stress.

Mechanical properties of materials, stress, compound bars, torsion, moment of resistance, bending moment and shear force.

CE 114 Structure 2

Members subject to bending, section moment capacity, member capacity of segments with full lateral restraint, design of webs, shear capacity of webs, interaction of shear and bending
Design of intermediate transverse web stiffners
Members subject to axial compression
Members subject to axial tension
Members subject to combined actions.
Fabrication, erection

Study sequence of structure

CE 113 Structure 1

CE 112 Engineering Mechanics

CE 114 Structure 2

CE 115 Estimating & Specification

Principle of specification & estimation
Overheads
Profit
Labour cost
Preliminaries
Labour constant
Material motor transport
Mechanical plant
Excavator
Earth work
Brick work
Roofing
Carpentry
Joinery
Plumbing installation
Electrical installation
Plaster work
Glazing
Painting decoration
Drainage
Pro-rata rate
Incentive scheme

CE 111A Road & Bridge

Bridge

Types of bridges, truss, cantilever bridge, arch bridge, suspension bridge, double deck bridge, iron brick bridge, iron brick bridge maintenance

Railways

Alignment , centrifugal force, track

Road

Technical design, alignment, structural design, road pavement , road alignment, intersection points, final centre design work, technical assessment, final choice, time management plan, construction sequence, daily work planning, gang balancing, work control, site camping, hand tools, maintenance, storage, setting out traveller, earth work, embankment, earth work calculation, drainage, road surface drainage, erosion control, cut off drain, site location, work procedures.

ME 102 Engineering Thermodynamics

-Thermodynamic system, thermodynamic properties, quality of the working substances, thermodynamic processes, ideal gas, gas equation during a change of state, thermodynamic process for gas, vanderwaal gas equation, entropy, properties of steam, thermodynamic of working fluids

-Gas problems, method of expansion/compression, first law of thermodynamics, throttling valve, second law of thermodynamics, third law of thermodynamics

ME 334 Air-conditioning & Refrigeration

Refrigerant piping, evaporator, compressor, condenser, compressor-condenser circuit, tools
Air-conditioning equipment, tubing, joining refrigeration piping
Nitrogen circuit, system charging, electrical test instruments, control equipments, thermostat, compressor
Control circuit equipment assembly, dual fuel furnace, humidification, comfort, ventilation duct, plenum system.
Ventilation installation, ventilation fixtures, evaporator outlet temperature, assembly of units, capillary tube, installation of indoor / outdoor units.

EE308

Sustainability

KS01-EK132A

Environmental and Sustainability strategies

Evidence shall show an understanding of greenhouse reduction strategies to an extent indicated by the following aspects:

T1 Principles of sustainability encompassing:

 ways in which ecosystems moderate climate. ways in which ecosystems purify and store water.

 ways in which ecosystems recycle waste.

T2 Problems in a sustainable world encompassing:

 changes to Australian forest cover since white settlement, and the resulting loss of ecosystem and human benefits.

 changes to Australia‘s soils since white settlement, and the resulting loss of ecosystem and human benefits.

 changes to Australia‘s waterways since white settlement, and the resulting loss of ecosystem and human benefits.

 place of environmental accounting in quantifying Australia‘s environmental losses.

 limits to Australia‘s population carrying capacity.

T3 Sustainability principles encompassing:

T4 Addressing the problem of global warming encompassing:

 greenhouse gases and their sources and quantities that contribute to global warming.

 global warming impacts for Australia for 2030 and 2070 predicted by CSIRO modelling.

 requirements to achieve stable atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

 ecologically and economically sustainable methods for achieving these stable concentrations.

T5 Greenhouse gas emissions profile encompassing:

 goals and principles of the National Greenhouse Strategy

 what a greenhouse gas inventory is, why it is required, and the sectors to which it applies

 uses to which the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory can be applied.

T6 Understanding and communicating climate change and its impacts encompassing:

 the possible impact of climate change in Australia.

 techniques for improving the understanding of climate change

 techniques for communicating to and educating the general

public on greenhouse gas induced climate change.

T7 Partnerships for greenhouse action encompassing:

 actions achievable by each level of government to implement the NGS.

 methods by which the community activity can be engaged in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

 initiatives that can be undertaken by the private sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

 advantages of international partnerships.

 emissions trading system.

T8 Efficient and sustainable energy use and supply encompassing:

 techniques for reducing the greenhouse intensity of energy supply.

 types of renewable energy sources suitable for use in Australia.

 methods and technique for improving end-use efficiency.

T9 Efficient transport and sustainable urban planning encompassing:

 how integrating land use and transport planning can assist the greenhouse problem.

T10 Greenhouse sinks and sustainable land management encompassing:

 how enhancing greenhouse sinks and encouraging sustainable forestry and vegetation management can complement the AGS.

 how greenhouse gas emissions are obtained from agricultural production and describe techniques to mitigate the emissions.

T11 Models of greenhouse best practice in industrial processes and waste management encompassing:

 types and methods of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industry.

 methods of reducing methane emissions from waste treatment and disposal.

T12 Adaptation to climate change encompassing:

 salient points in each of the key sectors that require analysis and the strategies required in the need for adaptation to climate change